What method of control is used when a higher echelon unit monitors subordinates' actions and only makes direct target assignments on a management by exception basis?

• A. Centralized
• B. Decentralized
• C. Lateral
• D. Hybrid

Answer: (B)

Decentralized control. In this approach, lower-level units have the authority to carry out actions within established limits, while higher-level units focus on monitoring performance and providing direction only when things go off plan. The idea is to handle routine tasks locally and let management intervene only when deviations occur, i.e., on a management-by-exception basis. So targets and instructions are set up front, but day-to-day decisions are made by those closest to the action. For a Patriot fire-control context, the unit on the ground would execute targeting and engagement according to the commander's intent and standard procedures, while higher headquarters track results and adjust targets or resources only if performance diverges from standards.